The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis of April 1559 between Spain and France was meant to be the start of lasting peace between the two. Mary was married to Philip II of Spain. There were French troops in Scotland, and this posed a problem for Elizabeth and the security of England because England was still technically at war with France. Company Reg no: 04489574. VAT reg no 816865400. Elizabeth delayed the opening of this Parliament that had originally been summoned in the autumn of 1588 in response to the defeat of the Spanish Armada for as long as she could afford to, knowing that the Commons would be eager to broach two topics, religious debates and foreign policy, that she usually reserved to her prerogative. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? The plots were often uncovered due to Elizabeths informants and Walsinghams highly efficient spy network. There were several factors that influenced Queen Elizabeths decision to sign the Treaty of Nonsuch including: Elizabeth believed in Divine Right and due to this, she didnt want to remove King Phillip as the ruler of Netherlands. While a baby is born at various points throughout the show, Francis is not its father. Approximately 30 ships were destroyed and tonnes of supplies were also seized including food and weapons. Another problem Elizabeth I had when she ascended to the throne in 1558 was the problems she had with illegitimacy. Edward was succeeded by Mary, who in turn ruled for five years until her death in 1558. Mary | Biography & Facts | Britannica Elizabeth was in debt, she was unmarried and therefore had no alliances to help her counter the Auld Alliance (which would have been a concern even if Mary Queen of Scots and Prince Francis were not married and even if Mary had no claim to the throne). As long as Mary was alive, the plots could always be deemed credible and many Catholics secretly wanted a return to Catholocism. Before she came to the throne her mother Mary of Guise ruled Scotland while she remained in France married to the French prince Francis. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. Robert Dudley was the Earl of Leicester and during the time of the conflict involving the Netherlands, he was appointed to lead the military expedition to the Netherlands. - send 2000 to rebels. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. Here then, military alliances, English weaknesses, questions of legitimacy and the influence of religion all meant Elizabeth was very vulnerable upon her accession. She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official . The English also had better tactics that were more effective. Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. Elizabeths legitimacy becomes a problem because of this marriage. A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. As the war ended, Philip II of Spain wanted to stay on good . Reigned: queen of England and Ireland for 44 years, from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. If this union between Scotland and France became something, Spain could help England by attacking France from below. - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. In 1568 Elizabeth also controversially stole gold from Spanish ships (which was loaned from Genoese banks to fund the Spanish army, against the Dutch rebels) that were staying at English ports. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. As with the 1569 plot, she would marry the Duke of Norfolk. This plot was supported by the Pope and King Phillip II, who agreed to provide troops for a Spanish invasion. To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. The Netherlands had been part of the Spanish empire since the 1550s. He was the son of King Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour.Throughout the realm, the people greeted the birth of a male heir, "whom we hungered for so long", with joy and relief. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeth's predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. One was debt. Doodle's Point of View Throckmorton was tortured and although he confessed, was then killed. -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). Spain and France were the major European powers. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Elizabeth's Accession and Her Legitimacy (GCSE Example Answer - Tutor2u What made the Auld Alliance stronger at this time was the fact that Mary, Queen of Scots was married to the French Prince Francis II. The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. In July, the Spanish fleet was seen off Cornwall and signal fires known as beacons were lit along the south coast to send the news to the Elizabeth who was in London. Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. What Challenges Did Elizabeth I Face As Queen? - HistoryExtra How successful was Elizabeth I in dealing with foreign policy - StudyMode After inheriting the throne from her sister Mary I, Elizabeth was 300,000 in debt. Suitable for the Edexcel GCSE History (9-1) course. It was estimated that Drake returned with approximately 400,000 of Spanish treasure from regular raids of Spanish ports in South America. 30 ships were destroyed, as well as lots of supplies. He also used double agents to infiltrate Catholic networks. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. First English colony in Virginia established. LS23 6AD This meant atholics did not think . Describe two threats posed by Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth in 1568 4. The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. Elizabeth lived quietly at her . - Financial issues may have led to her loosing powerful allies as she could not give important people grant patronages. Northern Rebellion led by Earl of Westmorland. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the reasons for the increased Catholic threat to Elizabeth I after 1566. However, the Privy Council had put huge pressure on Elizabeth to marry and urged her to take a husband in late 1559, which suggests that the Privy Council would have agreed on a suitor had there been someone suitable as they realised the importance of securing a Protestant English throne and the Tudor dynasty, and perhaps it was this lack of a suitable suitor that caused Elizabeth to remain . 214 High Street, She was a Protestant. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. Norfolk was also expected to marry Mary. She's regarded as one of the greatest monarchs of England. Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland was part of the Rising in the North in 1569. Why religious compromise was so difficult. Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. - Quite a significant political threat as both France and Spain had the power to invade England. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. The New World, privateering and the significance of the activities of Sir Francis Drake. Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. Continue with Recommended Cookies. This Papal Bull meant that the loyalty of English Catholics towards Elizabeth was now always in doubt and placed a wedge between the English Catholics monarch and their faith. The Spanish plan to meet the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk was seriously flawed. In 1558, England lost its final possession - the port of Calais - in France. Elizabeth sent an army of 14,000 men to crush the revolt, which lasted around a month (November to December). There was also a fear that France and Scotland, alongside Spain, could launch an invasion of England as part of a greater Catholic crusade against the rogue English Protestant nation. migration? England and Spain had tried to remain on good terms but a growing rivalry between them led to increased tensions. The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. In Europe, the 1570s saw some of the worst atrocities of the protracted fall-out of the Reformation. Boston House, Englands victory over the Spanish navy in 1588 contributed to their development as a strong naval power to rival Spain. She was the last monarch of the Tudor period. Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots eventually took place on 8th February 1587. King Philip of Spain sent an. English direct involvement in the Netherlands, 1585-88. This delayed the Spanish attack and gave the English more time to prepare (hence the attempted invasion of the Armada one year later in 1588). Elizabeth chose to give direct help to the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch, which placed the Netherlands under her protection and promised military help. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. England had lost the last of her territories in France during the reign of Mary, when Calais was lost. Many colonists this time were poverty-stricken Londoners (it was felt they would be used to hard work and would therefore be happy to work for a new life in the New World). - Leith blockade. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. In 1558, England and Spain were still allies against France, but King Philip of Spain (who had been married to Mary) hated Protestantism with a passion. By 1572 Protestant ideas had spread in the Netherlands and Protestant Dutch rebels began a campaign for independence from Catholic Spain, leading to the Dutch Revolt. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! The Catholic threat - Elizabethan Religious Settlement - AQA - BBC Bitesize English exports to Europe were vital to the English economy and reached the European market via the Dutch ports, particularly Antwerp. The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. Elizabeth I and Finances - History Learning Site Why was France a threat? to answer the Section Focus Question: The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death. The powerful countries in Europe at that time - France and Spain - were Catholic and the plots against Elizabeth often . 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. - I partly agree with the statement as both France and Spain were powerful Catholic countries, who could unite against Protestant England. Phillip II of Spain was reluctant to destroy his alliance with Elizabeth and therefore his support for the plots were heart-hearted. At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. Here is a summary timeline of key events for students taking Early Elizabethan England (1558-88). PDF What problems did Elizabeth face in 1558? - WordPress.com No, Francis in Reign does not have a child. In order to marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII had to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. Roberto di Ridolfi was an Italian banker who played a small role in the Revolt of the Northern Earls. Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . This helps to explain why Elizabeth had to deal with so many plots, the intention of which was to replace Elizabeth with Mary.
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