In 1767, Zahir attempted to extend his authority to Shiite villages, but was defeated in battle and captured, eventually entering into an alliance with Nassif and the Shiites. According to contemporary chronicler Ibn Tulun, many Shiites had come to join the battle. Chief among them was Muhaqqiq al-Karaki, from Karak Nuh in the Bekaa valley, who achieved limitless power during the reign of Shah Tahmasp I such that the Shah told him, You are the real king and I am just one of your agents". The Hamadas of northern Mount Lebanon, spearheading a rather much smaller community, were in a virtually continuous state of conflict with the Ottomans between 1685 and 1700. This marker is found in many inhabitants of Lebanon, regardless of religion, signals pre-Arab descendants, including the Phoenicians. In order to bring their demands (mulabiyya) to the attention of the French authorities, petitions were signed and presented to the French High Commissioner and the Service de l'Instruction Publique. Sheikh Ahmad Rifai was the imam of a . Isma'ili Shi'ism also differs doctrinally from Imami Shi'ism, having beliefs and practices that are more esoteric and maintaining seven pillars of faith rather than five pillars and ten ancillary precepts. lebanese sunni surnames - fondation-fhb.org In 1938, he built two schools, one for girls and another for boys, at his own expense. Scuba Certification; Private Scuba Lessons; Scuba Refresher for Certified Divers; Try Scuba Diving; Enriched Air Diver (Nitrox) Sheikh Ahmad Rifa had last been seen in the city, before his body was found in a hole in Akkar. As many as four people are believed to have been killed. The Sunnis recognize the first four caliphs as the Prophet Muhammad's rightful successors . Explainer thanks Susan Dakak, Masoud Kazemzadeh, and Zainab al-Suwaij. [16] And more recently, in 2018 the CIA World Factbook estimated that Sunni Muslims constitute 30.6%[19] of Lebanon's population.[20][21]. south bend fire department news. Hashem (Arabic origin) meaning "crusher". Tripoli was subject to a 4-year long siege which culminated with its fall in 1109. [17] Sunni Muslims constitute 27% of Lebanon's population, according to a 2012 estimate. Once empowered by the authority of the former Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri since the end of the Lebanese Civil war in 1990, after his assassination in 2005 the Sunni community in Lebanon was left leaderless, with no backbone, and getting gradually alienated from political power. It commonly designates a chief of a tribe or a royal family member. [13], With the arrival of the First Crusade, Tripoli and Tyre initially resisted crusaders and paid tribute to prevent further conflict, which only proved temporary. [21][22] Shias in the Bekaa valley remained under Muslim rule and were on good terms with Bahramshah (11821230), who welcomed a prominent Shia scholar from Homs in the city in 1210s, a gesture that "gave morale to the Shiites living in the nahiyah (of Baalbek)". A very pious Sunni man in Iraqmay wear a long beard, and a pious Sunni woman might cover her face except for the eyes. [1] (However, in a country that had last census in 1932, it is difficult to have correct population estimates), The Lebanese Sunni Muslims are highly concentrated in Lebanon's capital city - Beirut (West Beirut /or Beirut II), as well as Tripoli, Sidon, Western Beqaa, and in the countryside of the Akkar, Arsal. PDF Traditional wicker handicraft by the Shaakhsaazi communities of rural Certain religious rituals are another giveaway. shia surnames in pakistan. The jurisdiction of the Ottoman Empire was merely nominal in the Lebanon. Lebanese peoples health at stake due to the inability to afford hospital Lebanese peoples health at stake! Vacillating Wildly From Dispiriting to Exhilarating. [36], During the 19361939 Arab revolt in Palestine, Southerners had a key role in providing ammunition and assistance to the Palestinian rebels, and the revolt was in fact co-administered from Bint Jbeil. The two groups diverged after the death of Mohammed in the seventh century, when one side chose Abu Bakr, Mohammeds companion and adviser, to succeed him, and the other thought it should be Mohammeds son-in-law, Ali. This tack also applies to Lebanon's Shiite militia Hezbollah, established by Iran in the early 1980s. In Lebanon, which shares a long border with conflict-ridden Syria, 92% of the public is worried about Islamic extremism, up 11 points from the already high figure of 81% in 2013. lebanese sunni surnames The deadliest exchange took place last June, when seven people were killed and more than 60 wounded, after Sunni Muslims staged a protest against the Syrian government. 1260), a Tanukhid emir from Mount Lebanon whom al-Yunini identified as a Shiite Muslim, and was buried in Karak Nuh. * True Religion Brand Jeans general counsel Deborah Greaves says fake jeans often smell funny because of the way they're shipped to the U.S. At their high-point, Harfush domains extended from the Beqaa valley into Palmyra far in the Syrian Desert and sanjak of Homs in 1592 under Musa Harfush, and had obtained a rank in the provincial military hierarchy. On the other hand, the official recognition of legal and religious Shiite institutions by the French authorities strengthened a sectarian awareness within the Shia community. [28] When civil strife and siege ignited between Mamluk governors in Damascus in 1497, shia surnames in pakistan. Sunni Islam in Lebanon has a history of more than a millennium. [17], Some of the primary accounts for Lebanon are relayed by Al-Maqdisi (c. 966985) and Nasir Khusraw. Sunni Arab clansmen said that one their own killed Ali Chebli, the Hezbollah member whose procession was attacked, to avenge the killing of the Sunni boy, Hassan Ghosn, last year. Yunus' deep rivalries with Fakhreddine eventually culminated in the Battle of Anjar in 1623, which ended with the confirmation of Yunus' other son, Ali, as the Bekaa's multezim. All contents 2023 The Slate Group LLC. It is the name of the founder of Islam, and extremely common throughout the Muslim religion. Lebanese Sunni cleric 'killed by family members' Security forces find Sheikh Ahmad Rifai, known for his opposition to Hezbollah, with gunshot wounds Tripoli, Lebanon. lebanese sunni surnamesinchkeith house mental health team Consultation Request a Free Consultation Now. - 25 , +0800 2336 7811 Office@Medicare.com Most of its adherents live in the northern and western area of the Beqaa Valley, Southern Lebanon and Beirut. Lebanese Sunni cleric 'killed by family members' What does Mustafa mean in Arabic? [58] They are recognized as one of the 18 official Lebanese sects, and due to the efforts of an Alawite leader Ali Eid, the Taif Agreement of 1989 gave them two reserved seats in the Parliament. Although there is common ancestral roots, these studies show some difference was found between Muslims and non-Muslims in Lebanon, of whom only 17.1% have this haplotype. Mostafa, Mostapha, Moustafa, Moustapha, Mustapha, Mustafi. They profess Islam and belong to the Sunni sect and observe all Muslim fairs and festivals . It is also commonly used to refer to a Muslim religious scholar. Ignored in a post-independence law passed in 1951 that defined only Judaism and Christian sects as official, Muslims continued under traditional Ottoman law, within the confines of which small communities like Isma'ilis and Alawites found it difficult to establish their own institutions. shia surnames in pakistan - legal-innovation.com During that time, Husam ad-Din ruled over Toron, Banias and Chastel Neuf, giving him control of the road from Damascus to Tyre road which were of utmost importance in blocking any Frankish attempt at reconquest. "[48] This meant that the Shiite Ja'fari jurisprudence or madhhab was legally recognized as an official madhhab, and held judicial and political power on multiple levels. [25], A decade later in 1781, Shia autonomy in Jabal Amel similarly diminished under Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (17761804), nicknamed the butcher. lebanese sunni surnames Cha c sn phm trong gi hng. Ultra-religious Sunnis and Shiites are much more easily distinguished. The Lebanese coast was mainly inhabited by Phoenician Canaanites throughout the Bronze and Iron ages, who built the cities of Tyre, Sidon, Byblos and Tripoli, which was founded as a center of a confederation between Aradians, Sidonians, and Tyrians. Many Southerners went to Syria to participate, whereas in the Beqaa Valley battle spread to the Qalamoun Mountains and Akroum, where according to eye-witness accounts Shiites took more than 400 rifles and fifty horses as booty from French forces. Shia Twelvers in Lebanon refers to the Shia Muslim Twelver community with a significant presence all over Lebanon including the Mount Lebanon (Keserwan, Byblos), the North (Batroun), the South, the Beqaa, Baabda District coastal areas and Beirut. [12] Sami Ramadan, a Sunni recruiter for Shiite Hezbollah's Saraya al-Muqawama, sits in a school in Lebanon's Bekaa Valley, Oct. 20, 2015. [14] According to al-Muhajir, this Shiite presence in the Bekaa was later reinforced by migrants from Mount Lebanon following the Mamluk and Ottoman campaigns against Shiites in the 14th and 17th centuries respectively, as well as migrants from the Shia villages in Anti-Lebanon Mountains, where the Harfush dynasty originated from. At the best of times, the Alawites are regarded by Sunnis as heretics; at times of tension, when thousands of Sunnis in Syria are being killed, they are regarded as the enemy. 61 Elegant Lebanese Baby Girl Names With Meanings - MomJunction what the Shi'ites did for the Christians in the south will be cherished in our hearts for as long as Lebanon and the Christians remain. Politically and physically weakened, the Hamadas retained some of their tax farms in Mount Lebanon until 1771 when they were defeated and evicted by the northward expanding Shihab dynasty. Refworld | Assessment for Sunnis in Lebanon and through the Ottoman period (ending in 1918), has virtually been bereft of communal autonomy. club xl harrisburg capacity; pivotal group snapnurse; what happened to sofia's daughter in john wick 3; rachel lavine robbie kaplan; . [4][5][6][7], The cultural and linguistic heritage of the Lebanese people is a blend of both indigenous elements and the foreign cultures that have come to rule the land and its people over the course of thousands of years. Between 1187 and 1291, the Shiites of Jabal Amel were divided between the newly autonomous hills and a coast still subject to the Franks. Between 16391649, Ali al-Saghirs seized most of Jabal Amel after defeating other rival families, cementing their role as the sole leaders of the region. [25] Bilad Beirut were similarly under the jurisdiction of a Shia muqaddam prior to 1407. Is True Religion made in Mexico? Other names cant be linked to one sect or the other: Youll find plenty of Muslims from both camps named after Mohammed or his daughter Fatima. Sectarian violence in Iraq last week resulted in 379 deaths and 458 wounded, the Iraqi government announced on Tuesday. According to a CIA 2018 study, Lebanese Sunni Muslims constitute an estimated 30.6% of Lebanon's population. [33], Musa Harfush was succeeded by Yunus Harfush, who again re-asserted Harfush control over Homs and the Bekaa. Lebanon-Syria: lacking a treaty or other documentation describing the boundary, portions of the Lebanon-Syria boundary are unclear with several sections in dispute; in March 2021, Syria signed a contract with a Russian company for oil and gas exploration in a maritime area Lebanon claims as its own based on a 2011 map sent to the UN 'A declaration of war': tensions in Lebanon's Khalde after Hezbollah Lebanese Sunni Muslims - Wikipedia Iskandar is a Lebanese version of Alexander and means defender of mankind. / shia surnames in pakistan. ), the Shiites were not recognized as a community nor as a distinct religious sect by the Ottomans. Though little is known about Husam ad-Din's life, he was apparently a close friend of Saladin's son Al-Afdal who later converted to Shia Islam. [2], Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Sunni notables traditionally held power in the Lebanese state together, and they are still the only ones eligible for the post of Prime Minister. Druze constitute 5.2% of the modern population of Lebanon and still have a strong demographic presence in their traditional regions within the country to this day.[63]. Lebanon - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency - CIA In Jabal Amel the situation was more sporadic and less intense, with Shiites allied with Druzes against Christian villagers, or acting on their own. Not to be confused with, E. G. Hardy, Roman Laws and Charters, New Jersey 2005, p.95, "March for secularism; religious laws are archaic", "Fadlallah Charges Every Sect in Lebanon Except his Own Wants to Dominate the Country", "Aspects of Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Lebanon", The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, "Education and Reconfiguring Lebanese Shii Muslims into the Nation-State during the French Mandate, 192043", Completing The Task Of Evicting Israel From Lebanon, "Report: Hizbullah Training Shiite Syrians to Defend Villages against Rebels Naharnet", "Pressures in Syria affect Alawites in Lebanon The National", "Lebanon: Displaced Allawis find little relief in impoverished north", "Lebanon: Displaced families struggle on both sides of sectarian divide", "Syrian violence finds its echo in Lebanon", "Isma'ili Da'wa and Politics in Fatimid Egypt", "International Religious Freedom Report for 2011", "Lebanon 2008 2009: Towards a Citizen's State", "War with Israel interrupts rare industrial success story", "2012 Report on International Religious Freedom Lebanon", "Contemporary distribution of Lebanon's main religious groups", "A Genetic History of the Near East from an aDNA Time Course Sampling Eight Points in the Past 4,000 Years", Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events, "Influences of history, geography, and religion on genetic structure: the Maronites in Lebanon", "Genomic History of Neolithic to Bronze Age Anatolia, Northern Levant, and Southern Caucasus", "Continuity and Admixture in the Last Five Millennia of Levantine History from Ancient Canaanite and Present-Day Lebanese Genome Sequences", The Shia Rulers of Banu Ammar, Banu Mardas and the Mazidi, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lebanese_Shia_Muslims&oldid=1142608348, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 10:57. [75] However, a 2012 CIA study reports that the Shia Muslims constituted an estimated 27% of Lebanon's population. The Iturean Kingdom of Chalcis became vassal state of the Romans after they consolidated their rule over most of the Levant in 64 BC, and at their peak they managed to impose control on much of the Phoenician coast and Galilee including southern Lebanon, until the Romans fully incorporated them in 92 CE. According to al-Muhajir, Yaman-affiliated tribes which lived in the surroundings of Baalbek before 872, such as Banu Kalb[20] and Banu Hamdan[13] were supportive of Alid sentiments at the time, and they likely played a role in disseminating Shia Islam in the Bekaa and anti-Lebanon mountains. As a response, Sadiq Hamzeh hoisted the Arab flag in several villages as a symbol of rejecting French occupation. Such influx either inaugurated the Shia community of Keserwan or inflated a previously established rural Shiite community there. Lebanese Culture, Customs and Traditions - WorldAtlas Note that the following percentages are estimates only. The term 'mutawili' is also the name of a trustee in Islamic waqf-system. [25][13][26] In 1363, the Mamluks released an official decree prohibiting Shia rituals practiced among "some of the people of Beirut, Sidon and their surrounding villages", threatening punishment and military campaign. Members of the family also served as supervisors of the Mamuk army in Damascus. The treaty was signed at Beit ed-Dine as a result of the mediation of Bashir Shihab II (1788-1840) between the two sides. The Underlying Factors of Lebanon's Sunni Radicalization [12] Shias from the newly autonomous areas of Jabal Amel soon became essential participants in blocking Frankish raids and sieges. Many Christians who fled their villages during the revolt were accommodated by Shia notables from Nabatieh and Bint Jbeil, an act that was appreciated by Christian clergies in letters. [15] When the Fatimids conquered the region in 970, they quarrelled with the local Shiites. It had expanded over the next few decades from an ailing relic to the largest glass manufacturer in the Levant, with 300 locally hired workers producing around 220,000 tons of glass per day. [23] Husam ad-Din also participated in the Battle of Hattin and was one of the commanders of Saladin's right flank during the Siege of Acre in 11891191, according to Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani. Later in 1921, this period of unrest ended with a political amnesty offered by the French mandate authorities for all Shiites who had joined the riots, with the intention to bind the Shia community in the South of Lebanon to the new Mandate state. Why Arab Sunnis are disengaged from Iraq's protests [36], In the 19th century, Lebanon saw dramatic changes when missionaries started establishing schools throughout the country. lebanese sunni surnamesmichelle fleury ancestry. [19], Further east in the Bekaa valley, sources are scarce and generally uninformative. Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid killed one of the city's Alid notables in 903 for alleged Qarmatian sympathies. [13] The deep crisis of the Abbasid dynasty during the decade-long Anarchy at Samarra (c. 861870), the rise of breakaway and autonomous regimes in the provinces, the large-scale Zanj Rebellion (c. 869883), the establishment of Qarmatian Isma'ilis in 899 in Syria,[16] and the rise of the Twelver Shiite Hamdanids in northern Syria in 930 who transformed Aleppo into a Shia hub,[15] all acted catalysts for the further rise of Shiism. The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History Of The Twenty-first Century [PDF [28] Almost a century later, the Harfushes gave shelter to Haydar Shihab and provided him with 2,500 troops to carry out the Battle of Ain Dara, which resulted in Haydar Shihab's decisive victory. According to the CIA World Factbook, Shia Muslims constituted an estimated 31% of Lebanon's population in 2022.[1]. Protect their lives and possessions as you do to your own. The Monthly is published on a quarterly basis by Information International, a leading Beirut-based research and consultancy firm. Shiites view Ali and his two sons, Hassan and Hussein, as the first of the 12 imams, or holy leaders of Islam. 1 a ; ; . This deeply esoteric group became known as the Druze, who in belief, practice, and history have long since become distinct from Isma'ilis proper. Alternative spelling. [54], There are an estimated 100,000[55][56][57] Alawites in Lebanon, where they have lived since at least the 16th century. [28][34] This grande scurit that Nassif and Zahir imposed on the region best manifested when Ali Bey al-Kabir of Egypt requested Nassif's help to put down the rebellion at Cairo in 1773, or when he was sought by nomadic tribes in the Syro-Jordanian desert for help.[28]. However, Muslims collectively rejected being classified as divided, and so were left out of the law in the end. Seven Shia Twelver (Mutawili) villages that were reassigned from French Greater Lebanon to the British Mandate of Palestine in a 1924 border-redrawing agreement were depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and repopulated with Jews. Hezbollah confirmed that two people were dead. In terms of religious sect, Iraqi Arabs are somewhat split: Our survey found that most said they were Shia Muslims (62%), but about three-in-ten identified themselves as Sunnis (30%) and 6% said they were "just Muslim." Nearly all Iraqi Kurds consider themselves Sunni Muslims. Afghanistan is not considered Arab. [53], In addition, the Shia Twelvers in Lebanon have close links to the Syrian Shia Twelvers. Lebanese Sunni Muslim leaders endorse ex-PM Najib Mikati as choice to shia surnames in pakistan Although it can be considered offensive nowadays, it was a way to distinguish the uniqueness and unity of the community. The words in Iraq have been added to the piece, since the column addresses only the question of how Sunnis and Shiites tell each other part in that country. Lebanese Alawites live mostly in the Jabal Mohsen neighbourhood of Tripoli, and in 10 villages in the Akkar region,[59][60][61] and are mainly represented by the Arab Democratic Party. Got a question about todays news? At some times, the Shiites also fought the Druze, who at Jbaa attacked and wounded their religious chief who was sheltering a Christian refugee, and proceeded to loot his home. [14], Nasir Khusraw gives the earliest accounts for Tyre and Tripoli during his visit in 1047, describing both cities as majority Shia Muslims with dedicated Shia shrines on the outskirts. "The Lebanese are not entering all the battles in Syria, just the ones they consider strategic," said Sheik Hussam al-Ghali, a senior figure with the Islamic Group, the Lebanese branch of the. [84] Other haplogroups present among Lebanese Shia include E1b1b (17%), G-M201 (10%), R1b, and T-L206 occurring at smaller, but significant rates. Its not easy. Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Shias are the only sect eligible for the post of Speaker of Parliament. [22] In 1217, an elite Hungarian contingent was virtually annihilated by local archers in Jezzine, a Shia locality at the time, and the prisoners were paraded in Damascus. Aragona Capital > Uncategorized > lebanese sunni surnames > Uncategorized > lebanese sunni surnames Show to them the love you show to yourselves. Haplogroup J2 is also a significant marker in throughout Lebanon (27%). Correction, March 7: The original version of this piece stated that Sunni clerics never wear black turbans, and that Sunnis pray with their hands up toward their chests. During Saladin's siege of Beaufort castle, military units from Jabal Amel, likely those of Husam ad-Din Bishara, came to his aid and replaced his forces as he marched to repel a crusader invasion of Acre.
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