You can pick out the common words like Voda (water), Hleb (bread), zima (cold) and so forth but it is tough to get the jist of what they are saying with out more immersion. However, in terms of vocabulary Ukrainian is closer to Polish, from which it has borrowed a large number of words. Its vocabulary has lots of common words with all of Russian, Ukrainian, and Polish, so it's sort of mutually intelligible with all of them. Polish is spoken outside of Poland by Polish diaspora groups in countries like Ukraine, Belarus, Germany, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Maybe it is true for two persons from the opposite end of the dialect continium (Hrvatsko Zagorje and Strumica), that have never been out of their villages and try to communicate on their respective native dialects. Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family. The historical development is characterized by four main periods. Russian on the other hand uses the Cyrillic alphabet. It is more like the other slavic languages (v instead of u, z instead of s, itd, less vowels, and no distinction between and ). Not everyone within each of the three broad dialect areas speaks Yiddish in the same way -- there are sub-dialects, but they are mutually intelligible. All South Slavic languages in effect form a large dialect continuum of gradually mutually intelligible varieties depending on distance between the areas where they are spoken. Pure Silesian appears to be a dying language. When you find out it is a separate language, you ask for %, and they often tell you! Very interesting. If youre learning multiple languages at once, pairing similar languages is a great way to maximize your studying. From a grammatical and morphological perspective, Ukrainian is closer to Russian: they both have East Slavic roots. Intelligibility between languages can be asymmetric, with speakers of one understanding more of the other than speakers of the other understanding the first. I've ne. My guest from Ukraine will have to guess 6 animals that I'll describe to her in Polish. ", "English in Scotland a phonological approach", "Mutual Intelligibility of Closely Related Languages within the Romance language family", "How Konkani Won the Battle for 'Languagehood', "Algumas observaes sobre a noo de lngua portuguesa", Romanian language Britannica Online Encyclopedia, "UCLA Language Materials Project: Language Profile", "Uzbek | the Center for East European and Russian/Eurasian Studies", "Soviet Dungan nationalism: a few comments on their origin and language", "The Linguistic Characteristic Of Esan Language: Towards Its Empowerment and Development", "Mutual intelligibility of spoken Maltese, Libyan Arabic, and Tunisian Arabic functionally tested: A pilot study", "Gdzie "sicz", a gdzie "porohy"?! Price, Glanville (1971), French Language: Present and Past, Jameson Books, Pope, Mildred K. From Latin to French, with Especial Consideration of Anglo-Norman. Je to oficiln jazyk v Bulharsk republice a jeden z 23 oficilnch jazyk v Evropsk unii. He gave me the 25% figure. That is a particularly ugly version of nationalism brewing in your vicinity. But they would learn it quickly if they cared. Mutual intelligibility with varieties of Serbo-Croatian is hindered by differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, Kajkavian being the most mutually intelligible. It may seem that Polish and Russian are mutually intelligible because they both come from the same language family and share a lot of similarities. Polish only a few words. Other Western Slovak speakers (Bratislava) say that Eastern Slovak (Kosice) is hard to understand. #5. Frequency of exposure is one of the main causes of this. But being that they are Slavic with the same or similar grammar and structure you pick up different slavic languages and their style very quick. [5][6] In a similar vein, some claim that mutual intelligibility is, ideally at least, the primary criterion separating languages from dialects.[7]. Ukrainians can understand Russian much better than the other way around. Kajkavian has 82% intelligibility of Chakavian. Yet some say that the subtitles are simply put on as a political move due to Ukraines puristic language policy. The post-1991 reforms of the Ukrainian language were not an introduction of Polish or Western Ukrainian as some Russian nationalists (and non-nationalists, who believe them) claim, but rather a return to a standard adopted in Kharkiv in 1927. Personally, I must admit that Serbs from areas above Nis (cf. Albeit, Scots dialect is far more pronounced than English, and at times, can be unintelligible. by Christine Ro. This implies that some of the high intelligibility between Slovak and Polish may be due to bilingual learning on the part of Slovaks. My take on it is right here. plenty of prepositions are used in a similar, if not identical, manner; to name an example, na is used in both Macedonian and Ni Torlak as a replacement for the Serbian genitive, in addition to its standard use as on(to) It consists of at least four major dialects, Ekavian Chakavian, spoken on the Istrian Peninsula, Ikavian Chakavian, spoken in southwestern Istria, the islands of Bra, Hvar, Vis, Korula, and olta, the Peljeac Peninsula, the Dalmatian coast at Zadar, the outskirts of Split and inland at Gacka, Middle Chakavian, which is Ikavian-Ekavian transitional, and Ijekavian Chakavian, spoken at the far southern end of the Chakavian language area on Lastovo Island, Janjina on the Peljeac Peninsula, and Bigova in the far south near the border with Montenegro. It has been massively updated with a lot of new research from controlled scientific intelligibility studies. Czech 20 % spoken, 40 % written Hence, Russians understand the colloquial Ukrainian spoken in the countryside pretty well, but they understand the modern standard heard on TV much less. Ukrainian 15 % spoken, 25 % written Chakavian actually has a written heritage, but it was mostly written down long ago. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1n9KMawa-8 Slobozhan Ukrainian speakers in this region find it easier to understand their Russian neighbors than the Upper DnistrianUkrainian spoken in the far west in the countryside around Lviv. In Linguistics, this MI stuff is noncontroversial. Croatian linguist. They say, ~60%, ~65%, etc. It is true that Western Slovak dialects can understand Czech well, but Central Slovak, Eastern Slovak and Extraslovakian Slovak dialects cannot. Upper Dnistrian is influenced by German and Polish. Ive almost never heard it in Lviv, except by visiting villagers or old people. Czech has 94% intelligibility of Slovak, 12% of Polish, and 5% of Russian and Bulgarian. Sets of similar languages are the result of shared origin, so knowing a little more about mutual intelligibility can help you understand their origin. Personal communication. Ukrainian much less comprehensible. Or maybe you are just a gatekeeper. Ive yet to see a speaker of BCS that recognizes the obvious: these three languages are just the same. Furthermore, not only does this app provide small lessons that can be expanded into full-on courses, but it also allows you to interact with native speakers of the target language. Mutual intelligibility is highly subjective. Score: 4.1/5 (68 votes) . Maltese. Re: Rus/Ukr But the language isnt problem. Also I have a long article coming up as a chapter in a peer reviewed book being published out of Turkey. Mutual intelligibility mostly applies to the educated, standardized forms of these languages, not to the various sub-standard dialects. .Interestingly, Ukrainians can understand the Russian language better than the Russians would understand the Ukrainian. WORD. But then the second older guy from Bosnia (Filipovi) appeared on the screen and wow! 0%. The truth is that a person can often understand other dialects, except his native one. Belarussian almost completely comprehensible, except a few words. Once you learn Ukrainian, you can understand Polish, Czech, Belarusian, or other Slavic languages because they are quite similar. So I tried with my native Slovenian language and I was surprised how well Bulgars understand Slovenian language. It has many Hungarian words, archaic Slavic words and words of an unknown origin (at least to me). Was he educated? Needless to say, Polish is very familiar too, except its phonology, getting the gist of which is just a matter of some time. As soon as one gets even a very moderate amount of exposure, comprehension improves, even between such geographically distant languages as Polish and Serbian I remember staying in Montenegro and a Pole buying bread and a Montenegrin could still communicate with each other speaking at a slow-enough pace. Serbo-Croatian (Shtokavian) has 55% intelligibility of Macedonian (varies from 25-90%), 27% of Slovenian, 25% of Slovak, 20% of Ukrainian, 13% of oral Bulgarian and 25% of written Bulgarian, 10% of oral Russian and 22% of written Russian, 10% of Czech, and 5% of Polish. However, another view is that Lach is indeed Lechitic, albeit with strong Czech influence. Even little kids who watch the show understand. Mutual intelligibilityrefers to whether speakers of one language can understand speakers of another language. It is not really either Bulgarian or Serbo-Croatian, but instead it is best said that they are speaking a mixed Bulgarian-Serbo-Croatian language. Now onto the discussion. the use of the accusative is nearly identical in Ni Torlak and Kumanovo Macedonian (cannot say the same for standard Macedonian as it has no accusative to begin with) and is, in general, more of an oblique case than anything else Russian: 15% spoken, 25% written Some Russians and Bulgarians say they understand almost nothing of the other language. [1] Advanced speakers of a second language typically aim for intelligibility, especially in situations where they work in their second language and the necessity of being understood is high. In my opinion Czech and Slovak mutual intelligibility is not heavily exaggerated but actually very underrated(or some opposite word of exagerated, sorry for my poor english). While discussing mutual intelligibility, the author often calls upon bilingual learning; for example, Czech and Slovak are considered highly intelligible because of the strong cross-cultural overlap. Less than 90% mutual intelligibility = separate languages. Can you give me a figure for how much of a Bulgarian text you can understand? Hello, can you tell me, how much Kajkavian can your average Chakavian speaker understand in percentage? Every major language has some dialects Also both sides are able to use standard Slovak. Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family. In writing, however, Scots language looks similar to English (albeit with some spelling variations). If you take your 25 (supposedly from Novi Sad) and 90 from Nis, then we come to about 60 percent (from Serbian side). Nared s osnovnata, izpolzovana v Balgarija, saestvuvat oe makedonska norma, kojato sao izpolzva kirilica, i banatska norma, kojata izpolzva latinica. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? There are new scientific figures for Czech-Slovak, Czech-Serbo-Croatian and Czech-Bulgarian. Get 70% off + 10 languages + 14 day free trial. Around 80% comprehension, it gets hard to talk about complex or technical things. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings. There is much nonsense said about the mutual intelligibility of the various languages in the Slavic family. More properly, their speech is best seen as closer to Macedonian than to Bulgarian or Serbo-Croatian. Intelligibility between the two is estimated at 82%. So give these mutually intelligible languages a second look. Serbians and Bosnians not so such. The Bulgarian language is the earliest written record Slavic language. I can randomly pick up another paragraph from that Wikipedia page, and it would be harder: Maybe its a lack of vocabulary, but I havent heard that word from someone personally yet. Give me a figure in % for the Rusyn if you would. Its mainly in the weird Bulgarian grammar! And o shifts to u. Around year 550 Slovenians went west and Macedonians/Bulgars went south. Serbian is a macrolanguage made up to two languages: Shtokavian Serbian and Torlak or Gorlak Serbian. Im The Lizard King, I Can Do Anything! To my opinion, Macedonian and Bulgarian would be today much closer if Macedonian had not been heavily influenced by Serbian and Bulgarian not influenced so much by Russian. Can a Russian speaker understand Polish? Also, danes and swedes have a hard time understanding each other, but they can read the others language quite well. Your email address will not be published. Belarusian is closer to Polish and Ukrainian than Russian. Its also said that Serbo-Croatian can understand Bulgarian and Macedonian, but this is not true. I confess to not being a linguist, and therefore didnt see past the problematic sentence Macedonian 40 % spoken, 60 % written Older people who rembember federation understand everything. Western Slovak speakers say Eastern Slovak sounds idiotic and ridiculous, and some words are different, but other than that, they can basically understand it. Huchon, Mireille, Histoire de la langue franaise, pages 214 and 223. People observing conversation between Cieszyn Silesian and Upper Silesian report that they have a hard time understanding each other. Ukrainian and Belarusian are pretty much mutually intelligible (source: I am a poet in Belarusian, I go to poetry festivals in Belarus quite often and there are no interpreters for the Ukrainian poets invited to international events). But islanders more often say Mi povidamo na nau or domau. Not only are these Slavic languages very similar to Russian in written form, but they are also around 70% mutually intelligible. I tested this on my wife by showing her news clips on Youtube. It seems polish and bulgarian are the easiest for me to understand (save for bosnian, serbian, and crnogorski). Hutsul, Lemko, Boiko speech (small Ukrainian/Rusyn dialects) stangely enough, more comprehensible than standard Ukrainian. In the case of Croatian and Slovene, the intelligibility is asymmetric, since Slovene participants could understand Croatian better than vice versa. cheers As a native Russian speaker, I noticed that my understanding of Polish went from 20% to 70% in a matter of hours when watching a film in Polish with subtitles. Nevertheless, Bulgarian-Russian intelligibility seems much exaggerated. Is the virgin Intelligibility important? Czech and Polish are incomprehensible to Serbo-Croatian speakers (Czech 10%, Polish 5%), but Serbo-Croatian has some limited comprehension of Slovak, on the order of 25%. As a native Serbian speaker from Bosnia who has interacted with most Slavic languages , heres my breakdown of level of mutual intelligibility with other Slavic tongues: its not based on bilingual learning. A western Slovak can even understand most of Ruthenians hen they are speaking. Russian has high intelligibility of Belarussian, on the order of 75%. http://ifaq.wap.org/society/voweldeployment.html. Pobrzajte in Serbian means (pourite) but I understand it because brzo means fast and prefix po also exists in Serbian, and the imperative form is the same. between Ni Torlak and Macedonian than between either of those two and Serbian (Download). . Instead Eastern Lach and Western Lach have difficult intelligibility and are separate languages, so Lach itself is a macrolanguage. Have every heard of Dubrovnik dialect? Ja u da radim is more common to Serbian speakers but ja u raditi is officially more correct. I hope you will like it and will be useful for your researches! [8], However, others have suggested that these objections are misguided, as they collapse different concepts of what constitutes a "language".[9]. On the other side, i.e. It is just a dialect in east Slovakia that westernd Slovaks (and Czechs) find harder to understand but it is not like they would not understand a word. Polish uses Latin letters, just like English. For example the word najgolemata (the biggest) written in Serbian latin means najvea in Serbian, but I somehow know what golem/golema means, but when I hear this ta (definite article) in the end of the word, that sounds Macedonian to me more than golema, prefix naj (makes superlative form) is the same in Serbian. The Polish alphabet includes certain additional letters formed using diacritics: the kreska in the letters , , , , and through the letter in ; the kropka in the letter , and the ogonek ("little . Croats say Macedonian is a complete mystery to them. Torlakians are often said to speak Bulgarian, but this is not exactly the case. Belarussian has 80% intelligibility of Ukrainian and 55% of Polish. There are numerous intelligibility tests out there that work very well, or you can just ask native speakers to give you a %, and most of the honest ones will tell you; in fact, they will often differentiate between oh that is our language, they speak the same language as us, for dialects and then no, that is not our language, that is different, and they do not speak our language for separate languages. Part of the problem between Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian is that so many of the basic words be, do, this, that, where are different, however, much of the rest of the vocabulary is the same. In Czech rep. Slovaks dont have to pass any language exams (the other foreigner do have to). You cannot simply separate the articles from the words during a regular conversation. A number of native speakers of various Slavic lects were interviewed about mutual intelligibility, language/dialect confusion, the state of their language, its history and so on. In other cases, I had to rely on the context. For me personally, Serbian is very interesting, because it sounds like Macedonian, but a bit different because of the declensions. As a non-Ukrainian (as well as non-Polish) native speaker, I can understand Ukrainian through Polish more easily than Russian, even though I actually studied Russian formally, but never Ukrainian-:) . Spanish and Catalan have a lexical similarity of 85%. What I took as Czech speaking Czech language, which I perfectly understand, was actually Czech who tries to speaks Polish. My father once read an article in polish and he said he understood almost everything, but when its spoken he said about 60%. True MI testing does try to find virgin ears that have heard little of the other language and speak little or none of it. Intelligibility among languages can vary between individuals or groups within a language population according to their knowledge of various registers and vocabulary in their own language, their exposure to additional related languages, their interest in or familiarity with other cultures, the domain of discussion, psycho-cognitive traits, the mode of language used (written vs. oral), and other factors. Despite all of this, Ukrainian and Russian aren't the closest languages in the Slavic language family, and they're not even mutually intelligible. And Im glad he didnt felt in the nonsense babble of serbians, croats and bosnians that try too hard to show their differences, due to political/religious reasons. but the two languages are more different than some people think. With Lonely Planet's Ukrainian Phrasebook, let no barriers . a person with Virgin ears from any where in the Czech republic and west and central Slovakia will understand each other fairly well. @AJ I think Robert has done articles on 9/11 conspiracy theories and their level of crediblity, yeah.
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