While some historians see Reconstruction as both success and failure, Foner takes an unequivocal stance that Reconstruction was not at all successful. He cites several reasons in support of his opinion economic and political, as well as social. first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. His campaign theme was "Let Us Have Peace," and he tried his best to promote sectional and racial harmony throughout the country. How might a fact like this have affected opinions on questions such as civil rights, government contracts for major infrastructure improvements (such as railroads) and shaped views on questions such as education? In all, the history of Reconstruction was an object lesson in the limitations of persuasion in politicsas was the history of the Civil War that preceded it. Although the Lost Cause narrative argued that Grant's presidency had been a complete failure, more recent scholarship has attempted to reevaluate his legacy in a more balanced manner, highlighting both the accomplishments and shortcomings of his eight years in office. In addition, the teacher should review the interactive maps included as part of this lesson and download the Text Document for Activity 1 and the Text Document for Activity 2, which will include all needed source material and worksheets. Alternative means of assessment include asking the students to do either or both of the following: 1. answer choices Reconstruction Freedman's Bureau Black Codes Jim Crow Laws Question 7 900 seconds Q. D 7. He placed North Carolina and eventually other states under appointed provisional governors chosen mostly from among prominent southern politicians who had opposed the secession movement and had rendered no conspicuous service to the Confederacy. Losing the Civil War meant that the South would have to conform to the laws of the United States. Eph/LWNMK $r3R6W>44w9(Hct:@LN@@4H9O$T,\LuqDk9HMZ] 7l7{7eCUbMWmh"!baox]51Q"EF kRm'C*_@Q$VF*`C{:7v I"q{n]w)cqJ}q*6]d&5PhdSh3_|`k^Mq!U\:fqo,SI0L6-;jTS(WOC6"ZCx+5bo42+Pp;3:=BbXm)]IF These research assistants will evaluate a series of documents (which in this activity will substitute for live interviews) representing a variety of views concerning the direction of Reconstruction policy regarding voting rights and the impact these views had or should have had on the politics of the nation. During Reconstruction, Johnson did not believe there was anything to be gained by promoting equal rights for African Americans. The sharecropping model left many tenant farmers in such dire straits that it was nearly impossible to break free from their economic shackles. To help African Americans, particularly those who had been enslaved, adjust to life with increased rights and responsibilities, To ensure that white voters supported anti-slavery laws and policies. As resistance and violence continued to spread in the South, Republican resolve began to weaken. universal male suffrage, The new legislation was passed in July over Johnson's veto. In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. hZy\L 3!--[D)aC., beOai4sA 'aKjlNa )u1d[I{4{[ @vKZtQUGm1)V8'. Finally, History Matters offers helpful pages on "Making Sense of Maps.". The teacher may also wish to visit the two EDSITEment-reviewed websites mentioned above for additional background material concerning reconstruction: America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War and Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. Was corruption now any less? Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. B 9. WebOne of the main goals of Military Reconstruction was to ensure that voting rights were granted to African American men. 3 southern states votes came in with 2 sets of counts, 1 Dem, 1 Repub, so the vote went to the House of Representatives who decided Republicans. The First Reconstruction Act (March 1867) invalidated the state governments established under Johnson's policies (except the government of Tennessee, which had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment) and divided the former Confederacy into five military districts. Reconstruction Flashcards | Quizlet How did Amendments 13, 14, & 15 help African Americans? Why was the former Confederacy divided into military districts by the federal government? 3) The South could not repay loans from countries that helped them. With the assistance of original historical documents, students will consider the ways different perceptions from leading political figures about the outcomes of Reconstruction affected the political debate and the political future of the nation. Northern Democrats who moved into former Confederate-controlled states with the intention of upsetting Radical Reconstruction plans. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI Throughout his term, Johnson would try to use his Executive Branch appointments and role as Commander in Chief to try to resist Radical Reconstruction efforts being forwarded by the Republican-controlled Congress. 124 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<0D0942F02A0E3A4583123BBEFA335B80><310633F8B9553C42B3774455F36DF9D6>]/Index[109 24]/Info 108 0 R/Length 78/Prev 144476/Root 110 0 R/Size 133/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Irving E. Lowery, Life on the Old Plantation in Ante-Bellum Days, 1911, Group C: Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, From the Cotton Field to the Cotton Mill: A Study of the Industrial Transition in North Carolina, 1906, Group D: The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. Southern States had to approve the 13Amendment 2) Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. It prohibited state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of slavery. Take sample from your personal experience. D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina, Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, Excerpt from the testimony of Henry Blake, 1937. It gave women the right to vote in the United States. @{/rd;G[F|!-DStuux2g>w2q}g=,~1tMEDuMz@hN To the north, it looked like slavery in a new form. there was corruption, but no more in the South than the North and no more than usual in the gov't, but Democrats kept this myth alive to keep power. Also, this page requires javascript. WebCompare and contrast the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and the Radical Republicans. Required 50% of southern white men to swear allegiance of the union and accept the end of slavery. Several states refused to either repudiate the huge debt produced by the war or unconditionally accept the Thirteenth Amendment. In May 1865, with Congress out of session, Johnson began to implement his own Reconstruction program. What were Black Codes, and why were they created? Republicans regained a substantial number of voters who had previously been denied voting rights due to unproven war crimes. _Rd~HYzA?NMDDJHojx,zZ gk3pi:A2!I,8X^78ZrT]RruNx6 You can find more resources to supplement this lesson at ourSmithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union What were the problems 2. "waving the bloody shirt" reminded the voters of Grant's war victory. Reconstruction In the Senate? In this activity, students will be asked to imagine that they are research assistants gathering evidence for a prominent historian (the teacher) during the years following Reconstruction. The speeches backfired. Compose a two-page essay explaining the ways in which the effects of Reconstruction may continue to affect our politics today. Previous Sharecropping practices kept many African Americans in working conditions that werent a significant improvement over slavery. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. What synonym clue shows up in the next paragraph? endstream endobj 117 0 obj <>stream Gp}1:qr +sWg" ^8u1k^l2GPt%,}cAZwf? A Short Overview of the Reconstruction Era and Ulysses S. Grant's *SY(u% 9 wF.*is5oGYqUTsaqrY)$y, "beVv1=;"urk{k"56#UEli[EB9}qJ=YY@jOU{[89K,2M`` What lesson did the Republicans learn from Grant's slim victory? It was left to the Senate to try the presidentwith Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase presidingand determine whether he should be removed from office. They were northerners who came south for jobs. Describe the agriculture system of the New South. Microbiology CH9 Genetic Change and Genome Ev. It was approved by both houses in June 1866. Johnson and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton were bitter enemies, and the president wanted to get rid of him. Who was it supposed to help? Reconstruction Flashcards | Quizlet Grandfather clauses gave citizens the right to vote if their grandfathers had been able to vote in elections prior to Reconstruction. For each group, briefly describe (in one paragraph) the primary motivations and objectives that moved them to action. Jabir ibn Hayyan replaced the.. of a misinformed philosophy with the rigors of objective experimentation. (Ge,YAjB%f~&L uG0Bqw4$VFF[RN ;J_:;`' The House and Senate refused to seat southern delegates. Maintaining a visible and active presence of Union troops in the South to facilitate the peaceful operation of government and Reconstruction was expensive and frustrating to many in Congress. Who was one of the first black representatives in the Georgia Assembly? What problems were faced by the freed slaves? Johnson wrote much of the Reconstruction legislation himself. Poll taxes prevented poor citizens from being able to vote. At the end of this lesson, each student should demonstrate his or her proficiency by doing one of the following: 1. e17bZVXrKW@]snp/bAb Ff# 4} GoBEeNoh,:XDlU@? 1&f<6a&wX5:(mIt%`}o"0`PVi>r#7e^2F+Y{\p^W a white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit. It gave all men, regardless of race, the ability to vote in the United States. Literacy tests were put into place requiring citizens to read difficult passages from legal documents in order to be able to vote. It tested the Constitution and resulted in a compromise that ended Reconstruction in America. How did John Wilkes Booth affect Reconstruction? they had belonged to the democratic party known as the bourbon democrats. Sharecroppers typically did not have enough good farmland or time to tend to it. Ex. This meant that the huge majorities Republicans then enjoyed were, so to speak, operating on borrowed time. Lincoln vetoed this bill, setting the stage for a compromise on the issue of Reconstruction. Lincoln: The states should be reintegrated into the Union when ten percent Many went to work in the mills. Reconstruction CAm? It was drafted according to the Ten-Percent Plan It gave blacks the right to vote It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been recalled from the South. Students will be organized into five small groups, each of which will be assigned a document and a set of worksheet questions. WebDuring Reconstruction, three new amendments to the Constitution redefined freedom, citizenship, and democracy in the United States. What paragraph clues help you determine the possible meaning of the word? [6O;},DLJ ^;4Orqb.:)O.FXl-%}ZXMHlxixt0CM@)Ymr3xQwv_D&?Qe2}=4#r"A: %QHW)/7+ "IG On September 111, 193919391939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland. More punitive actions against the South, Lincoln felt, would only make it harder to heal the divided nation. Turn in their completed worksheets from Activities 1 and 2 for a grade. This amendment prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (slavery). A large number of Republican lawmakers regained seats in Southern state governments, but chose to abandon Reconstruction reforms. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in Did black voting end in 1877 with the end of Reconstruction? What did the 15th Amendment accomplish ? Identify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. bookmarked pages associated with this title. They came from a wide variety of backgrounds ranging from highly-educated professionals to former Civil War soldiers. What did the Black Codes indicate to the North? - Evaluating Reconstruction - Evaluating Reconstruction - Course How did the results of Reconstruction policy shape the politics of the reconstructed states and the nation at large? It helped the Republicans seat more than 2/3 majority in the House and Congress. They were more familiar with the places where most battles occured. The website Making Sense of Letters and Diaries is one such site. Johnson's policies. What legal loopholes did Southerners create to resist African American equality? The states could enter the Union if they promised they would ratify the Fourteenth Amendment within five years. The Southerners saw the Freedmen's Bureau as an organization giving free food to freedmen but never requiring them to work, making them lazy. What was President Johnsons role in the period of Radical Reconstruction that took place in 1867 and 1868? The four states did not rejoin the Union until 1870. What tactic was used? Sharecropping. 436 0 obj <>stream The Black Codes included tactics like fines, arrests, and kidnapping to force African Americans back into bondage working on Southern farms without, technically, enslaving them. WebWhat is meant by the term Reconstruction? The worksheet provided in the Text Document for Activity 1 asks two sets of questions: one set relates to the document, and the other relates to the corresponding section of the interactive. Congressmen? The official era of Reconstruction came to a close with the Compromise of 1877. Which of the following describes the African American experience in the Reconstruction-Era South? endstream endobj 110 0 obj <>/Metadata 10 0 R/Outlines 25 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 107 0 R/StructTreeRoot 32 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 111 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 112 0 obj <>stream The teacher may also wish to explain to the students the use of the word Negro in some of these documents. Why Did Reconstruction Come to an End? Reconstruction came to an end as a direct result of too many Southerners opposing the reconstruction. _ Howdid the Thirteenth Amendment changethe Constitution? The long alliance between the women's movement and the abolitionist cause broke, and women struggled on their own for another half century for the right to vote. The authors of the documents were selected to show a variety of contrasting views and also to reflect the different ways that Reconstruction affected various populations. They were seen as Yankees that were trying to take over the southern states' governments. Civil War & Reconstruction Part 2 Quiz - Quizizz Why was the election of 1876 called the Disputed Election? What did the conflict between Johnson and Congress result in? Learning Objectives Evaluate the successes and Segregation was legal, as long as the notion of separate but equal was being followed. What was Johnson's plan for Reconstruction? At the end of the day, what did it mean to be an American, and whose rights were deserving of the full protection of the U.S. government? He believed that there would be no benefit to punishing southern states. Stanton was suspended in August 1867 and replaced with Grant as an interim. This helped to shape the national political debate for generations. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 guaranteed African Americans in Who did the states and congress give free land to? %PDF-1.5 % Tradesmen hoping to take advantage of the vast number of construction contracts being offered to rebuild the war-torn South. the amendment stating that all people born in the US have the same rights and are all born equal under the law.
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